Strategic Incompatibility in ATM Markets

We test whether firms use incompatibility strategically, using data from ATM markets. High ATM fees degrade the value of competitors’ deposit accounts, and can in principle serve as a mechanism for siphoning depositors away from competitors or for creating deposit account differentiation. Our empirical framework can empirically distinguish surcharging motivated by this strategic concern from surcharging that simply maximizes ATM profit considered as a standalone operation. The results are consistent with such behavior by large banks, but not by small banks. For large banks, the effect of incompatibility seems to operate through higher deposit account fees rather than increased deposit account base. ∗Knittel: Department of Economics, University of California, Davis, CA and NBER. Email: [email protected]. Stango: Tuck School of Business, Dartmouth College, Hanover NH 03755. Email: [email protected]. Thanks to seminar participants at the 2005 IIOC conference, DOJ, the FTC, the 2006 Tuck Winter IO Conference, UCLA, and the 2007 NET Institute Conference for helpful comments. Carrie Jankowski and Kaushik Murali provided excellent research assistance.